Primary Hazard Profile
11 hazards documented · 0 citywide exposure · 0 worsening with climate change
| Hazard | Exposure | Severity | Probability | Climate trend | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dam Failure8Location[{"name": "South Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "Highest number of individuals (460,366) exposed to dam failure, accounting for 60.4% of the total population within the APC", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Within the City of Los Angeles, the South Los Angeles APC has the highest number of individuals (460,366) exposed to dam failure; this accounts for 60.4 percent of the total population within the APC.", "page": 168}]}, {"name": "Big Tujunga No. 1 Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Big Tujunga No. 1, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Chatsworth Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Chatsworth, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Cogswell Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Cogswell, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Devils Gate Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Devils Gate, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Diederich Reservoir", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Glendale; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Diederich Reservoir, City of Glendale, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Eagle Rock Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Eagle Rock, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Encino Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Encino, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Glenoaks 968 Reservoir", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Glendale; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Glenoaks 968 Reservoir, City of Glendale, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Greystone Reservoir", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Beverly Hills; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Greystone Reservoir, City of Beverly Hills, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "La Tuna Debris Basin", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "La Tuna Debris Basin, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Lower Franklin Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Lower Franklin, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Lower San Fernando Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; historically damaged in 1971 earthquake requiring 80,000 residents to evacuate", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Lower San Fernando, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}, {"text": "The quake shook loose a slide in the upstream slope of the Lower San Fernando Dam that lowered the crest about 30 feet and carried away much of upstream concrete facing of the dam. Resulting severe damage of the dam forced 80,000 residents to evacuate homes in an 11-square-mile area down the valley.", "page": 148}]}, {"name": "Morris Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Morris, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Mulholland Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Mulholland, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Pacoima Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; most seriously damaged dam in 1994 Northridge Earthquake, about 8 miles from epicenter", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Pacoima, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}, {"text": "The most seriously damaged was the Pacoima Dam, about 8 miles from the epicenter. However, none were severely damaged, in part due to completion of retrofitting pursuant to the 1972 State Dam Safety Act.", "page": 149}]}, {"name": "Palos Verdes Reservoir", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by Metropolitan Water District of Southern California; two depth grid inundation scenarios", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Palos Verdes Reservoir, Metropolitan Water District Of Southern California, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}, {"text": "For the Palos Verdes Reservoir dam and the Blanchard, Stough, and Wilson Debris Basin dams, there are two depth grid scenarios.", "page": 161}]}, {"name": "San Gabriel Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; regulated by both state and federal; owned by LA County Flood Control District", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "San Gabriel, Los Angeles County Flood Control District, State (DSOD): Yes, Federal (USACE): Yes, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Santa Ynez Canyon Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Santa Ynez Canyon, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Silver Lake Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Silver Lake, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Stone Canyon Dam", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Stone Canyon, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Stough Debris Basin", "noted_for": "Extremely High DSOD hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; two depth grid inundation scenarios", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Stough Debris Basin, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: Extremely High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}, {"text": "For the Palos Verdes Reservoir dam and the Blanchard, Stough, and Wilson Debris Basin dams, there are two depth grid scenarios.", "page": 161}]}, {"name": "Haines Canyon Debris Dam", "noted_for": "Federally regulated (USACE); High USACE hazard classification; condition assessment not available", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Haines Canyon Debris Dam, USACE - Los Angeles District, Federal (USACE): Yes, DSOD: n/a, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Not Available", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Hansen Dam", "noted_for": "Federally regulated (USACE); High USACE hazard classification; cracks reported during 1971 earthquake", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Hansen Dam, USACE - Los Angeles District, Federal (USACE): Yes, DSOD: n/a, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Not Available", "page": 150}, {"text": "Cracks were reported in the Hansen Dam on Sepulveda Boulevard in Lakeview Terrace.", "page": 149}]}, {"name": "Lopez Dam", "noted_for": "Federally regulated (USACE); High USACE hazard classification; condition assessment not available", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Lopez Dam, USACE - Los Angeles District, Federal (USACE): Yes, DSOD: n/a, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Not Available", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Sepulveda Dam", "noted_for": "Federally regulated (USACE); High USACE hazard classification; condition assessment not available", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Sepulveda Dam, USACE - Los Angeles District, Federal (USACE): Yes, DSOD: n/a, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Not Available", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Whittier Narrows Dam", "noted_for": "Federally regulated (USACE); High USACE hazard classification; condition assessment not available", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Whittier Narrows Dam, USACE - Los Angeles District, Federal (USACE): Yes, DSOD: n/a, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Not Available", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "10 MG Walteria", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by City of Torrance; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "10 MG Walteria, City of Torrance, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "18 MG Walteria", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by City of Torrance; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "18 MG Walteria, City of Torrance, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Blanchard Debris Basin", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; two depth grid inundation scenarios", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Blanchard Debris Basin, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}, {"text": "For the Palos Verdes Reservoir dam and the Blanchard, Stough, and Wilson Debris Basin dams, there are two depth grid scenarios.", "page": 161}]}, {"name": "Brand Park Dam", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by City of Glendale; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Brand Park, City of Glendale, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Elysian Dam", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Elysian, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Green Verdugo Dam", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Green Verdugo, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 150}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles Reservoir", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by City of Los Angeles DWP; built 1975-76 after Lower San Fernando Dam was damaged in 1971 earthquake", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Los Angeles Reservoir, City of Los Angeles Department of Water And Power, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}, {"text": "The $33 million Los Angeles Dam and Reservoir was built in 1975-76 about 3,000 feet up the valley from the old Lower San Fernando Dam.", "page": 148}]}, {"name": "Lower Sunset Debris Basin", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Lower Sunset Debris Basin, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Riviera Reservoir", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by City of Santa Monica Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Riviera Reservoir, City of Santa Monica Department Of Public Works, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Schoolhouse Debris Basin", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; mapped inundation area within City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Schoolhouse Debris Basin, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}]}, {"name": "Wilson Debris Basin", "noted_for": "High DSOD and USACE hazard classification; owned by LA County Dept of Public Works; two depth grid inundation scenarios", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Wilson Debris Basin, Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works, DSOD: High, USACE: High, Condition Assessment: Satisfactory", "page": 151}, {"text": "For the Palos Verdes Reservoir dam and the Blanchard, Stough, and Wilson Debris Basin dams, there are two depth grid scenarios.", "page": 161}]}, {"name": "Van Norman Dam (Mission Hills)", "noted_for": "Several thousand people evacuated from homes south of Van Norman Dam in Mission Hills after 1971 earthquake; 60-foot section of concrete dam collapsed", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Several thousand people were evacuated from homes south of Van Norman Dam in Mission Hills when Van Norman Lake reportedly sank 1 foot. A 60-foot section of the concrete dam at the lake's southern edge collapsed.", "page": 149}]}, {"name": "St. Francis Dam (Los Angeles County)", "noted_for": "Most catastrophic dam failure in California history (1928); more than 450 deaths and destruction of nearly 1,000 homes and buildings", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The most catastrophic dam failure in California's history was that of the St. Francis Dam in Los Angeles County in March 1928. This failure resulted in the deaths of more than 450 people and destruction of nearly 1,000 homes and buildings.", "page": 148}]}, {"name": "Baldwin Hills Reservoir (Cloverdale Road)", "noted_for": "Dam broke December 14, 1963; caused $5,233,203 in damage, loss of homes, property, and lives", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "On December 14, 1963, the dam at the head of Cloverdale Road broke in the Baldwin Hills section of Los Angeles. Lost homes, ruined property, and even death resulted from a river of rushing water from the broken dam. The Baldwin Hills dam failure caused $5,233,203 in damage.", "page": 148}]}, {"name": "Bouquet Canyon Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as Extremely High DSOD hazard and High NID hazard, located in Los Angeles County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Bouquet Canyon, Los Angeles County, NID: High, DSOD: Extremely High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Dry Canyon Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as Extremely High DSOD hazard and High NID hazard, located in Los Angeles County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Dry Canyon, Los Angeles County, NID: High, DSOD: Extremely High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Fairmont Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as Extremely High DSOD hazard and High NID hazard, located in Los Angeles County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Fairmont, Los Angeles County, NID: High, DSOD: Extremely High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Big Pine Creek Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as High hazard by both NID and DSOD, located in Inyo County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Big Pine Creek, Inyo County, NID: High, DSOD: High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Grant Lake Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as High hazard by both NID and DSOD, located in Mono County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Grant Lake, Mono County, NID: High, DSOD: High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Haiwee Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as High hazard by both NID and DSOD, located in Inyo County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Haiwee, Inyo County, NID: High, DSOD: High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Long Valley Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as High hazard by both NID and DSOD, located in Mono County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Long Valley, Mono County, NID: High, DSOD: High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Pleasant Valley Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as High hazard by both NID and DSOD, located in Inyo County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Pleasant Valley, Inyo County, NID: High, DSOD: High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "Tinemaha Dam", "noted_for": "City of Los Angeles-owned dam classified as High hazard by both NID and DSOD, located in Inyo County", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Tinemaha, Inyo County, NID: High, DSOD: High", "page": 153}]}, {"name": "North Valley APC", "noted_for": "Combined dam failure inundation area mapped for this area of planning concern", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 8-2. North Valley APC Combined Dam Failure Inundation Area", "page": 154}]}, {"name": "South Valley APC", "noted_for": "Combined dam failure inundation area mapped for this area of planning concern", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 8-3. South Valley APC Combined Dam Failure Inundation Area", "page": 155}]}, {"name": "West Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "Combined dam failure inundation area mapped for this area of planning concern", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 8-4. West Los Angeles APC Combined Dam Failure Inundation Area", "page": 156}]}, {"name": "Central APC", "noted_for": "Combined dam failure inundation area mapped for this area of planning concern", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 8-5. Central APC Combined Dam Failure Inundation Area", "page": 157}]}, {"name": "East Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "Combined dam failure inundation area mapped for this area of planning concern", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 8-6. East Los Angeles APC Combined Dam Failure Inundation Area", "page": 158}]}, {"name": "Harbor APC", "noted_for": "Combined dam failure inundation area mapped for this area of planning concern", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 8-8. Harbor APC Combined Dam Failure Inundation Area", "page": 160}]}, {"name": "Lakeview Terrace (Hansen Dam / Sepulveda Boulevard)", "noted_for": "Cracks reported in Hansen Dam on Sepulveda Boulevard in Lakeview Terrace during 1971 earthquake", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Cracks were reported in the Hansen Dam on Sepulveda Boulevard in Lakeview Terrace.", "page": 149}]}] source source | false | {'supporting_quotes': [{'text': 'Complete failure is when internal erosion or overtopping results in a complete structural breach, releasing a high-velocity wall of debri... | Approximately 10 dam failures per year nationwide over a period of record from 1848 through 2017 (Stanford University 2018); large-scale dam failure events are infrequent... | increase|medium | source |
Drought9Location[{"name": "Northeastern area of the City (near the City of Pasadena)", "noted_for": "Presently faces the greatest threat of extreme drought conditions according to NOAA National Integrated Drought Information System mapping", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "According to the most recent NOAA National Integrated Drought Information System mapping for the City of Los Angeles and surrounding Los Angeles County, the northeastern area of the City (near the City of Pasadena) presently faces the greatest threat of extreme drought conditions", "page": 184}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles Aqueduct / eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains", "noted_for": "Source of 48 percent of local water supply for the City of Los Angeles (2016–2020)", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Los Angeles Aqueduct from the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains provided 48 percent of local water.", "page": 181}]}, {"name": "State Water Project (SWP) and Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA)", "noted_for": "Imported water sources for the City; increased drought incidence may cause drawdown in groundwater resources without allowing for aquifer recharge", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "the City's water supply is derived from groundwater and surface water resources, including water imported through the State Water Project (SWP) and the Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA). Increased incidence of drought may cause a drawdown in groundwater resources without allowing for the opportunity for aquifer recharge.", "page": 186}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles County farms", "noted_for": "1,035 farms with total market value of $133.8 million in crop sales and $20.8 million in livestock sales; agricultural sector most at risk economically from drought", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Based on the 2017 Census of Agriculture, there were 1,035 farms in Los Angeles County, a 20 percent decrease from the 2012 reports. The average farm size was 56 acres. Los Angeles County farms had a total market value of products sold of $133.8 million in crop sales and $20.8 million in livestock sales", "page": 191}]}, {"name": "Central Coast", "noted_for": "Most affected area during the 1987–1992 drought due to lack of rainfall and low runoff", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "While the Central Coast was most affected by the lack of rainfall and low runoff, the Sierra Nevada range in Northern California and City of Los Angeles was also affected.", "page": 184}]}, {"name": "Sierra Nevada range in Northern California", "noted_for": "Also affected during the 1987–1992 drought; snowpack changes from climate change will affect water supply", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "While the Central Coast was most affected by the lack of rainfall and low runoff, the Sierra Nevada range in Northern California and City of Los Angeles was also affected.", "page": 184}, {"text": "As temperatures rise and more precipitation comes in the form of rain instead of snow, these changes will likely continue or grow even more significant", "page": 185}]}, {"name": "Sacramento Valley", "noted_for": "Only 56 percent of average runoff received during 1987–1992 drought (10 million acre-feet); only 37 percent of average runoff received during 1976–1977 drought (6.6 million acre-feet)", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "During this drought, only 56 percent of average runoff for the Sacramento Valley was received, totaling just 10 million acre-feet.", "page": 184}, {"text": "Only 37 percent of the average Sacramento Valley runoff was received, with just 6.6 million acre-feet recorded.", "page": 184}]}, {"name": "Wildfire hazard areas (critical facilities in and adjacent to)", "noted_for": "Critical facilities in and adjacent to wildfire hazard areas are considered vulnerable to wildfires, which can become more frequent during droughts", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Critical facilities in and adjacent to wildfire hazard areas are considered vulnerable to wildfires, which can become more frequent during droughts.", "page": 189}]}] source source | true | Ranges from D1 (Moderate Drought) to D4 (Exceptional Drought) on the USDM scale; at least part of Los Angeles County has experienced extreme (D3) or exceptional (D4) drou... | From January 2000 to August 2023, some part of Los Angeles County experienced a USDM rating of D1 or higher in 736 out of 1,235 weeks — nearly two-thirds of the weeks. | increase|medium | source |
Earthquake10Location[{"name": "Newport-Inglewood Fault", "noted_for": "Right-lateral strike-slip fault extending 47 miles from Culver City to Newport Beach; one of the most active faults in California, capable of M6.0–7.4; recurrence interval 1,906 years for M7.2 scenario", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Newport-Inglewood fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault that extends for 47 miles from Culver City southeast through Inglewood and other coastal communities to Newport Beach", "page": 202}, {"text": "This is one of the most active faults in California and is capable of producing an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 to 7.4", "page": 202}, {"text": "Newport-Inglewood M 7.2 = 1,906 years", "page": 212}]}, {"name": "Palos Verdes Fault", "noted_for": "Fault extending from Pacific Ocean ashore near Redondo Beach-Torrance border, curving around Palos Verdes Peninsula to Los Angeles Harbor; recurrence interval 3,094 years for M7.3 scenario", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Palos Verdes fault extends from the Pacific Ocean and comes ashore near the southwest point of the Redondo Beach-Torrance border. The fault then curves around the base of the Palos Verdes Peninsula roughly midway between the Pacific Coast Highway and the peninsula. It continues this southerly course until it runs into the Los Angeles Harbor.", "page": 202}, {"text": "Palos Verdes M 7.3 = 3,094 years", "page": 212}]}, {"name": "Puente Hills Fault", "noted_for": "Active blind thrust fault running ~25 miles from Puente Hills to south of Griffith Park; capable of M7.0–7.5; recurrence interval 1,403 years for M7.0 scenario; highest estimated building losses ($66.1B) and casualties among scenarios", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Puente Hills fault, also known as the Puente Hills thrust system, is an active geological fault that runs about 25 miles in three discrete sections from the Puente Hills region in the southeast to just south of Griffith Park in the northwest.", "page": 204}, {"text": "This fault is capable of producing an earthquake with a magnitude between 7.0 and 7.5.", "page": 204}, {"text": "Puente Hills (DTLA direct hit) M 7.0 = 1,403 years", "page": 212}]}, {"name": "San Andreas Fault", "noted_for": "~800-mile fault forming Pacific/North American plate boundary; southern segment passes within ~35 miles of Los Angeles; M7.8 ShakeOut scenario at 1%-annual-chance", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The San Andreas fault extends roughly 800 miles through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal).", "page": 204}, {"text": "the most significant being the southern segment, which passes within about 35 miles of Los Angeles", "page": 204}, {"text": "San Andreas (ShakeOut scenario) M7.8 = 1 percent-annual-chance", "page": 212}]}, {"name": "Santa Monica Fault", "noted_for": "Northeast-southwest-trending reverse fault extending ~50 miles through Los Angeles metropolitan area; capable of M6.0–7.0; M6.8 scenario modeled", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Santa Monica fault is one of several northeast-southwest-trending, north-dipping, reverse faults that extend through the Los Angeles metropolitan area for approximately 50 miles. This fault is capable of producing an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 to 7.0.", "page": 204}, {"text": "Santa Monica Fault Scenario M6.8", "page": 212}]}, {"name": "Tarzana area (near Ventura Freeway)", "noted_for": "Recorded highest ground motion of 1.82g during 1994 Northridge Earthquake", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "intensity readings of 1.82 g near the Ventura Freeway in the Tarzana area", "page": 202}]}, {"name": "Inglewood", "noted_for": "Ground motions of 1.21g measured during 1994 Northridge Earthquake, approximately 25 miles from Northridge", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Ground motions as strong as 1.21 g were measured as far away as Inglewood (approximately 25 miles from Northridge)", "page": 202}]}, {"name": "Northridge Meadows apartment building", "noted_for": "Collapse of single structure caused 16 of 57 fatalities in 1994 Northridge Earthquake", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Of 57 fatalities attributed to this quake, 16 were a result of the collapse of a single structure-the Northridge Meadows apartment building.", "page": 202}]}, {"name": "Central APC", "noted_for": "Identified as containing liquefaction zones within the planning area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 10-3. Liquefaction Zones in the central APC", "page": 205}]}, {"name": "East Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "Identified as containing liquefaction zones within the planning area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 10-4. Liquefaction Zones in the East Los Angeles APC", "page": 206}]}, {"name": "Harbor APC", "noted_for": "Identified as containing liquefaction zones within the planning area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 10-5. Liquefaction Zones in the Harbor APC", "page": 207}]}, {"name": "North Valley APC", "noted_for": "Identified as containing liquefaction zones within the planning area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 10-6. Liquefaction Zones in the North Valley APC", "page": 208}]}, {"name": "South Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "Identified as containing liquefaction zones within the planning area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 10-7. Liquefaction Zones in the South Los Angeles APC", "page": 209}]}, {"name": "South Valley APC", "noted_for": "Identified as containing liquefaction zones within the planning area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 10-8. Liquefaction Zones in the South Valley APC", "page": 210}]}, {"name": "West Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "Identified as containing liquefaction zones within the planning area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 10-9. Liquefaction Zones in the West Los Angeles APC", "page": 211}]}, {"name": "Culver City", "noted_for": "Northwestern terminus of the Newport-Inglewood fault", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Newport-Inglewood fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault that extends for 47 miles from Culver City southeast through Inglewood and other coastal communities to Newport Beach", "page": 202}]}, {"name": "Signal Hill", "noted_for": "Part of the line of hills along which the Newport-Inglewood fault can be inferred on the Earth's surface", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The fault can be inferred on the Earth's surface as passing along and through a line of hills extending from Signal Hill to Culver City.", "page": 202}]}, {"name": "Griffith Park", "noted_for": "Northwestern terminus of the Puente Hills fault system", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "an active geological fault that runs about 25 miles in three discrete sections from the Puente Hills region in the southeast to just south of Griffith Park in the northwest", "page": 204}]}, {"name": "Redondo Beach-Torrance border", "noted_for": "Location where the Palos Verdes fault comes ashore from the Pacific Ocean", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Palos Verdes fault extends from the Pacific Ocean and comes ashore near the southwest point of the Redondo Beach-Torrance border.", "page": 202}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles Harbor", "noted_for": "Southern terminus of the Palos Verdes fault", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "It continues this southerly course until it runs into the Los Angeles Harbor.", "page": 202}]}, {"name": "Newport Beach / Rose Canyon Fault", "noted_for": "Eastern terminus of Newport-Inglewood fault, which extends east-southeast into the Pacific Ocean as the Rose Canyon Fault", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "extends for 47 miles from Culver City southeast through Inglewood and other coastal communities to Newport Beach, at which point the fault extends east-southeast into the Pacific Ocean where it is known as the Rose Canyon Fault", "page": 202}]}] source source | true | PGA with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years is 0. | California: strong earthquake >5. | unclear|low | source |
Extreme Cold or Freeze11Location[{"name": "West Los Angeles", "noted_for": "Experienced light snowfall on January 17, 2007", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "On January 17, 2007, it snowed lightly in West Los Angeles and Malibu. A stronger-than-expected storm system produced snow, rain, and hail.", "page": 232}]}, {"name": "Malibu", "noted_for": "Experienced light snowfall on January 17, 2007", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "On January 17, 2007, it snowed lightly in West Los Angeles and Malibu. A stronger-than-expected storm system produced snow, rain, and hail.", "page": 232}]}, {"name": "Hollywood", "noted_for": "Experienced snowfall dusting rooftops and covering streets with snow and slush on January 22, 1921", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "A snowstorm passed over Hollywood on Jan. 22, 1921, dusting rooftops with snow and covering streets with snow and slush.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles Basin", "noted_for": "Received up to 2 inches of snow (heaviest on record) on January 15, 1932; all principal highways in and out closed due to snow in February 1989", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "On January 15, 1932, up to 2 inches of snow fell all over the Los Angeles Basin (called the heaviest on record), with 1 inch recorded at the Los Angeles Civic Center.", "page": 231}, {"text": "At one point all the principal highways in and out of the Los Angeles Basin (including Interstates 5, 10, 15 and Highway 14) were closed due to snow.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles Civic Center", "noted_for": "Recorded 1 inch of snow on January 15, 1932", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "On January 15, 1932, up to 2 inches of snow fell all over the Los Angeles Basin (called the heaviest on record), with 1 inch recorded at the Los Angeles Civic Center.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Woodland Hills", "noted_for": "Temperatures dipped to 35°F in December 2014", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "In December 2014, temperatures dipped to 35°F in Woodland Hills and 30°F in the Inland Empire.", "page": 232}]}, {"name": "Inland Empire", "noted_for": "Temperatures dipped to 30°F in December 2014", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "In December 2014, temperatures dipped to 35°F in Woodland Hills and 30°F in the Inland Empire.", "page": 232}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles beaches", "noted_for": "Snow fell at the beaches from February 7 to 9, 1989, causing major road closures and traffic accidents", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Snow fell at the beaches in Los Angeles and the desert in Palm Springs from February 7 to 9, 1989. Major road closures and numerous traffic accidents were reported.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Palm Springs", "noted_for": "Snow fell in the desert from February 7 to 9, 1989, causing major road closures and traffic accidents", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Snow fell at the beaches in Los Angeles and the desert in Palm Springs from February 7 to 9, 1989. Major road closures and numerous traffic accidents were reported.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Interstate 5", "noted_for": "Closed due to snow during February 1989 storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "At one point all the principal highways in and out of the Los Angeles Basin (including Interstates 5, 10, 15 and Highway 14) were closed due to snow.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Interstate 10", "noted_for": "Closed due to snow during February 1989 storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "At one point all the principal highways in and out of the Los Angeles Basin (including Interstates 5, 10, 15 and Highway 14) were closed due to snow.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Interstate 15", "noted_for": "Closed due to snow during February 1989 storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "At one point all the principal highways in and out of the Los Angeles Basin (including Interstates 5, 10, 15 and Highway 14) were closed due to snow.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "Highway 14", "noted_for": "Closed due to snow during February 1989 storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "At one point all the principal highways in and out of the Los Angeles Basin (including Interstates 5, 10, 15 and Highway 14) were closed due to snow.", "page": 231}]}, {"name": "coast (coastal areas)", "noted_for": "Temperatures may be warmer at the coast than inland under future climate conditions", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Temperatures may be warmer at the coast than inland.", "page": 232}]}] source source | true | Average winter temperature of 58. | Approximately once every 20 years, based on 2 frost/freeze events recorded over the 20-year period from January 2003 through May 2023 in the NCEI Storm Events Database | decrease|medium | source |
Extreme Heat12Location[{"name": "Urban/urbanized neighborhoods (urban heat island areas)", "noted_for": "Neighborhoods closer to urban areas are more exposed to high heat conditions due to the urban heat island (UHI) effect, with daytime temperatures 1–7°F higher and nighttime temperatures 2–5°F higher than outlying areas", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Neighborhoods that are closer to urban areas are more exposed to high heat conditions due to the urban heat island (UHI) effect.", "page": 242}, {"text": "in the United States, the UHI effect results in urban daytime temperatures of 1 to 7 °F higher than in outlying areas and nighttime temperatures about 2 to 5 °F higher (EPA 2022).", "page": 243}]}, {"name": "Woodland Hills", "noted_for": "A temperature of 119°F was recorded here during the July 2006 heat wave, with high humidity", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "A temperature of 119 ºF was recorded in Woodland Hills, with high humidity.", "page": 241}]}, {"name": "Railroad tracks, roads, and bridges", "noted_for": "Infrastructure subject to cracking, buckling, or sagging due to high temperatures, resulting in service disruptions and costly repairs", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Impacts on infrastructure may include cracking, buckling, or sagging of railroad tracks, roads, and bridges due to high temperatures. These impacts may result in service disruptions, potentially hazardous travel conditions, and the need for costly repairs.", "page": 251}]}, {"name": "Highways and roads (asphalt)", "noted_for": "Damaged by excessive heat as asphalt softens", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Damage to aging infrastructure and buildings such as highways and roads being damaged by excessive heat as asphalt softens", "page": 239}]}, {"name": "Senior centers and medical facilities", "noted_for": "Life-threatening risk during blackouts because energy-dependent medical devices may lose power", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The lack of power to certain energy-dependent systems may also be life threatening, such as medical devices used in senior centers and medical facilities.", "page": 251}]}, {"name": "City urban lakes", "noted_for": "Significant public health risk from harmful algal blooms as temperatures increase, harming aquatic ecosystems and limiting use of drinking and recreational waterbodies", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "As temperatures increase, harmful algal blooms are a significant public health risk at City urban lakes for people and animals, harm aquatic ecosystems, and limit the use of drinking and recreational waterbodies due to the toxins, odors and scum the can produce.", "page": 247}]}, {"name": "Reservoirs and aqueducts", "noted_for": "Evaporation from heat could lead to loss of stored water, potentially leading to water use restrictions", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Evaporation from the heat would lead to a loss of stored water in reservoirs and aqueducts, potentially leading to water use restrictions to conserve the available water.", "page": 245}]}, {"name": "Low-income areas / areas with higher pollution burden and chronic health conditions", "noted_for": "Higher vulnerability to heat-related health impacts; vulnerabilities exist where there is higher pollution burden, higher chronic health conditions, and low-income housing", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Vulnerabilities exist where there is a higher pollution burden, higher chronic health conditions, and low-income housing. Heat creates hazardous conditions in microclimates and urban areas with higher vulnerabilities.", "page": 244}]}, {"name": "California agriculture industry", "noted_for": "Most at risk economically; 2021 drought season cost over $1.1 billion and 8,750 jobs due to extreme heat and drought", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The agricultural industry is most at risk in terms of economic impact and damage caused by extreme heat events... According to a recent study published by UCLA, the 2021 drought season cost the California agriculture industry over $1.1 billion and 8,750 jobs (Anderson 2022).", "page": 252}]}, {"name": "(source caveat)", "noted_for": "Exact locations of greatest heat risk vary; conditions do not always correlate with where the highest temperatures are; rural areas with higher temperatures experience less health harm due to more permeable soil and open space", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "These conditions do not always correlate with where the highest temperatures are. Rural areas with higher temperatures, for example, experience less harm to health, because there is more permeable soil and open space.", "page": 244}]}] source source | true | Temperatures consistently 10°F or more above average high for the region, lasting several weeks; average high in August (hottest month) is 79°F; peaks up to 113°F in rece... | Based on NOAA storm events data 2003–2023, extreme heat events occur approximately once every three years (17 total events over 20 years; 'Excessive Heat' events average... | increase|high | source |
Flood13Location[{"name": "Los Angeles River", "noted_for": "Major watercourse draining the San Gabriel Mountains; 51 miles long, 32 miles within the City; part of a network of dams, reservoirs, and flood control facilities; lined with concrete by Army Corps of Engineers", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Los Angeles River is the major watercourse that drains the San Gabriel Mountains. Its watershed covers a land area of over 834 square miles... The Los Angeles River is 51 miles long from its headwaters to its mouth, and 32 miles of the river is within the City of Los Angeles.", "page": 260}, {"text": "The Army Corps of Engineers lined the Los Angeles River and Ballona Creek with concrete and initiated the development of an underground urban drainage system.", "page": 260}]}, {"name": "Ballona Creek", "noted_for": "One of four primary watersheds covering the City; lined with concrete by Army Corps of Engineers; part of the LACDA flood control system", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Four primary watersheds cover the City of Los Angeles: the Los Angeles River, the Santa Monica Bay, Ballona Creek and the Dominguez Channel.", "page": 260}, {"text": "The Army Corps of Engineers lined the Los Angeles River and Ballona Creek with concrete and initiated the development of an underground urban drainage system.", "page": 260}]}, {"name": "Santa Monica Bay", "noted_for": "One of four primary watersheds covering the City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Four primary watersheds cover the City of Los Angeles: the Los Angeles River, the Santa Monica Bay, Ballona Creek and the Dominguez Channel.", "page": 260}]}, {"name": "Dominguez Channel", "noted_for": "One of four primary watersheds covering the City of Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Four primary watersheds cover the City of Los Angeles: the Los Angeles River, the Santa Monica Bay, Ballona Creek and the Dominguez Channel.", "page": 260}]}, {"name": "Watts area", "noted_for": "Experienced a 0.2% annual chance storm event in November 2003; not a FEMA-designated 1% annual chance floodplain; 496 buildings affected, 57 damaged", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "On November 12, 2003, 5.6 inches of rain fell during a 4-hour period over the Watts area of Los Angeles and portions of the City of Carson. According to the County of Los Angeles, the storm represented a 0.2 percent-annual-chance storm event.", "page": 266}, {"text": "The Watts area is not a FEMA-designated 1 percent-annual-chance floodplain, so most property owners did not have flood insurance.", "page": 266}]}, {"name": "Tujunga Canyon / Tujunga Avenue", "noted_for": "1% annual chance flood flow exceeded in March 1938; site of major debris washout during 2004-2005 floods including a sinkhole 200 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 30 feet deep", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "U.S. Geological Survey records indicate that 1 percent annual chance flood flow in the Los Angeles River Basin was exceeded at the Tujunga Canyon in March 1938.", "page": 267}, {"text": "Approximately 20,000 cubic yards from Tujunga Avenue north of Strathern Street washed out into an adjacent gravel pit, resulting in a hole about 200 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 30 feet deep.", "page": 266}]}, {"name": "Topanga and Malibu Creeks", "noted_for": "1% annual chance flood flow exceeded in January 1969", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "U.S. Geological Survey records indicate that 1 percent annual chance flood flow in the Los Angeles River Basin was exceeded at the Tujunga Canyon in March 1938 and Topanga and Malibu Creeks in January 1969.", "page": 267}]}, {"name": "Laurel Canyon and Coldwater Canyon", "noted_for": "Experienced debris slides during 2004-2005 flooding events requiring homeowner evacuations", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Homeowners were evacuated when Laurel Canyon and Coldwater Canyon experienced debris slides.", "page": 266}]}, {"name": "Westlake area", "noted_for": "Mud crashed into an apartment building in February 1998 during El Niño, requiring evacuation of more than 100 residents", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "February 6, 1998-Mud crashed into an apartment building in the Westlake area; more than 100 residents were evacuated.", "page": 267}]}, {"name": "Malibu", "noted_for": "Ocean-eroded cliff buckled in February 1998 during El Niño, causing one home to collapse and threatening two others", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "February 8, 1998-An ocean-eroded cliff in Malibu buckled, causing one home to collapse and threatening two others.", "page": 267}]}, {"name": "Canoga Park area", "noted_for": "Rain-soaked hillside collapsed in February 1998 during El Niño, forcing evacuation of five homes", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "February 13, 1998-A rain-soaked hillside collapsed in the Canoga Park area, forcing the evacuation of five homes and threatening several others.", "page": 267}]}, {"name": "25th Street", "noted_for": "Filled with debris during 2004-2005 floods; cars were trapped when drivers misjudged water level", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "25th Street was filled with debris. Cars were trapped when drivers misjudged the level of the water.", "page": 266}]}, {"name": "San Fernando Valley / Sepulveda Dam area", "noted_for": "Los Angeles River originates at west end of San Fernando Valley; Sepulveda Dam regulates flows to main channel of Los Angeles River", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Los Angeles River originates at the west end of the San Fernando Valley in the northwest corner of Los Angeles County.", "page": 260}, {"text": "Sepulveda and Hansen Dams regulate flows to the main channel of the Los Angeles River.", "page": 262}]}, {"name": "Hansen Dam", "noted_for": "Army Corps-operated flood control reservoir with 25,446 acre-feet capacity (1,461.3 acres); recreational facilities built at site", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Hansen Dam-25,446 acre-feet (1,461.3 acres)", "page": 261}, {"text": "The City of Los Angeles has built recreational facilities at the Hansen Dam, the Santa Fe Dam, and the Sepulveda Dam (including golf courses, riding and hiking trails, picnic etc.).", "page": 261}]}, {"name": "Lopez Dam", "noted_for": "Army Corps-operated flood control reservoir with 441 acre-feet capacity (119 acres)", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Lopez Dam-441 acre-feet (119 acres)", "page": 261}]}, {"name": "Santa Fe Dam", "noted_for": "Army Corps-operated flood control reservoir with 30,887 acre-feet capacity (2,553.7 acres); recreational facilities built at site", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Santa Fe Dam-30,887 acre-feet (2,553.7 acres)", "page": 261}, {"text": "The City of Los Angeles has built recreational facilities at the Hansen Dam, the Santa Fe Dam, and the Sepulveda Dam (including golf courses, riding and hiking trails, picnic etc.).", "page": 261}]}, {"name": "Sepulveda Dam", "noted_for": "Army Corps-operated flood control reservoir with 17,425 acre-feet capacity (2,131.9 acres); regulates flows to main channel of Los Angeles River; recreational facilities built at site", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Sepulveda Dam-17,425 acre-feet (2,131.9 acres)", "page": 261}, {"text": "Sepulveda and Hansen Dams regulate flows to the main channel of the Los Angeles River.", "page": 262}]}, {"name": "Whittier Narrows Dam", "noted_for": "Army Corps-operated flood control reservoir with 34,947 acre-feet capacity (2,640.1 acres)", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Whittier Narrows Dam-34,947 acre-feet (2,640.1 acres)", "page": 261}]}, {"name": "Arroyo Seco", "noted_for": "Improved tributary channel in the LACDA flood control system; confluence marks start of Los Angeles River floodplain in northeast part of the City", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Improved tributary channels include Arroyo Seco and Compton Creek.", "page": 261}, {"text": "The floodplain starts in the northeast part of the City of Los Angeles at the Arroyo Seco confluence.", "page": 260}]}, {"name": "Compton Creek", "noted_for": "Improved tributary channel in the LACDA flood control system", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Improved tributary channels include Arroyo Seco and Compton Creek.", "page": 261}]}, {"name": "Rio Hondo Channel", "noted_for": "Part of the LACDA regional flood control system", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "This regional flood control system is described in the Los Angeles County Drainage Area (LACDA) study. It includes the Los Angeles River, San Gabriel River, Rio Hondo Channel and Ballona Creek.", "page": 261}]}, {"name": "San Gabriel River", "noted_for": "Part of the LACDA regional flood control system; Army Corps project included construction of flood storage reservoirs and debris basins", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Army Corps' Los Angeles River, San Gabriel River and Ballona Creek projects included the construction of five flood storage reservoirs or basins, 24 debris basins, 95 miles of main channels, 191 miles of tributary channels and two jetties.", "page": 261}]}, {"name": "Hillside areas (slopes of 6% or greater)", "noted_for": "Not mapped as SFHAs but subject to flood hazards including unmapped water courses and mud and debris flow areas", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The City of Los Angeles has hillside areas (slopes of 6 percent or greater) that have not been mapped as SFHAs but are subject to flood hazards. These include water courses that may appropriately belong among the City's regulated water courses, as well as mud and debris flow areas that have yet to be mapped.", "page": 257}]}, {"name": "Coastal areas", "noted_for": "Subject to storm surge, coastal erosion, and tsunami hazard areas regardless of SFHA designation; SFHAs along coasts subject to 1% annual chance flood with additional storm wave hazards", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Coastal Areas-SFHAs along coasts are subject to inundation by the 1 percent-annual-chance flood with the additional hazards associated with storm waves.", "page": 257}, {"text": "Coastal areas are susceptible to several flood hazards, regardless of whether they are within the SFHA: Storm Surge Areas... Coastal Erosion Areas... Tsunami Hazard Areas.", "page": 258}]}, {"name": "Low-lying areas served by stormwater pump stations", "noted_for": "Subject to power-failure-induced flooding; City operates 18 stormwater pumping plants draining these areas", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Power-failure-induced flooding would result from a loss of power at the City's stormwater pump stations that drain low-lying areas. The City operates and maintains 18 stormwater pumping plants.", "page": 259}]}, {"name": "Levee-protected areas (7.82 miles of levees)", "noted_for": "7.82 miles of levees provide protection against floods of 25-year or greater magnitude; fewer than half certified by FEMA; 83% under Army Corps jurisdiction", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "There are 7.82 miles of levees in the City of Los Angeles that provide protection against floods of 25-year or greater magnitude. Fewer than half of these levee systems have been certified as meeting FEMA levee accreditation criteria. The Army Corps of Engineers has jurisdiction over 83 percent of the levee systems.", "page": 260}]}, {"name": "Alluvial fan areas", "noted_for": "Subject to alluvial fan flooding with uncertain flow paths at base of mountain fronts, escarpments, or valley sides", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Alluvial Fan Flooding-An alluvial fan is a sedimentary deposit at a point where ground surface slope changes suddenly, such as the base of a mountain front, escarpment, or valley side... Alluvial fan flooding occurs on the surface of these deposits and is characterized by uncertain flow paths.", "page": 257}]}, {"name": "Non-SFHA shallow flooding areas (non-hillside)", "noted_for": "Non-hillside areas across the City with multiple occasions of shallow flooding caused by clogged or undersized drains, catch basins, or poor surface drainage", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Flooding records indicate non-hillside areas across the City that have experienced multiple occasions of shallow flooding. Such flooding may be caused by clogged or undersized drains, catch basins or water courses, or poor surface drainage patterns on streets or property.", "page": 258}]}, {"name": "Glendale", "noted_for": "Point where Los Angeles River channel turns south toward the Pacific Ocean", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The river channel extends east to Glendale, where it turns and flows south to the Pacific Ocean.", "page": 260}]}, {"name": "Sierra Nevada watersheds", "noted_for": "Rising snowlines from climate change will allow more mountain areas to contribute to peak storm runoff", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Rising snowlines caused by climate change will allow more mountain areas, such as the Sierra Nevada watersheds, to contribute to peak storm runoff.", "page": 275}]}] source source | true | Flood depth and velocity are principal damage factors; shallow flooding depths range from 1 to 3 feet; chest-high water reported in 2010 events; peak discharges range fro... | Large floods occur approximately every 5 to 6 years; 1% annual chance (100-year) flood is the SFHA regulatory standard, with a 26% chance of flood damage over a 30-year m... | increase|medium | source |
High Wind14Location[{"name": "Northern portions of the City", "noted_for": "More vulnerable to high Santa Ana winds", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Northern portions of the City are more vulnerable to high Santa Ana winds, and buildings in higher elevations and on ridges may be more prone to wind damage in general.", "page": 296}]}, {"name": "Higher elevations and ridges", "noted_for": "Buildings may be more prone to wind damage in general", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Buildings in higher elevations and on ridges may be more prone to wind damage in general.", "page": 296}]}, {"name": "Homes near mature trees or overhead power lines", "noted_for": "More susceptible to wind damage and blackouts", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Homes near mature trees or overhead power lines may be more susceptible to wind damage and blackouts.", "page": 296}]}, {"name": "Passes and canyons near Los Angeles", "noted_for": "Santa Ana wind gusts can reach 70 mph below passes and canyons; offshore winds must reach 30 mph or more below passes and canyons for Santa Ana wind advisory criteria", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "When the surface pressure gradient reaches or exceeds 10 millibars, as measured from Tonopah, Nevada, to Los Angeles, wind gusts can reach 70 mph in the mountains and below passes and canyons near Los Angeles.", "page": 292}, {"text": "Offshore winds from the northeast or east must reach 30 mph or more below passes and canyons to reach minimum criteria for Santa Ana wind advisories.", "page": 294}]}, {"name": "Areas with significant tree stands", "noted_for": "Especially dangerous locations for high winds", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "High winds are especially dangerous in areas with significant tree stands and areas with poorly constructed buildings, manufactured housing units, major infrastructure, and above-ground utility lines.", "page": 291}]}, {"name": "Areas with poorly constructed buildings, manufactured housing units, major infrastructure, and above-ground utility lines", "noted_for": "Especially dangerous locations for high winds", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "High winds are especially dangerous in areas with significant tree stands and areas with poorly constructed buildings, manufactured housing units, major infrastructure, and above-ground utility lines.", "page": 291}]}, {"name": "Additional facilities on higher ground", "noted_for": "May be vulnerable to wind damage or damage from falling trees", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Additional facilities on higher ground may also be vulnerable to wind damage or damage from falling trees.", "page": 297}]}, {"name": "(source caveat)", "noted_for": "Santa Ana winds may blow in one neighborhood while a few blocks away there are only gentle warm breezes — exact sub-neighborhood boundaries not specified", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Santa Ana winds tend to channel below specific passes and canyons, coming in gust clusters. These winds may blow in one neighborhood, while a few blocks away there are only gentle warm breezes.", "page": 294}]}] source source | true | Winds or gusts over 60 mph, up to 100 mph generally; Santa Ana winds can gust locally to over 100 mph, with typical speeds 40–55 mph; microbursts up to 168 mph; ASCE Cate... | High wind events in the County are likely to happen every year (average years between days with event: <1, based on 417 events over January 2002–May 2023); NCEI lists 189... | increase|low | source |
Landslide15Location[{"name": "Santa Susana Mountains", "noted_for": "susceptible to landslides during seismic shaking; more than 75 percent of slope area denuded by landslides triggered by strong shaking", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Santa Susana Mountains and the mountains north of the Santa Clara River valley are susceptible to landslides during seismic shaking. In the Santa Susana Mountains, more than 75 percent of the slope area has been denuded by landslides triggered by strong shaking (USGS 2011).", "page": 307}]}, {"name": "Mountains north of the Santa Clara River valley", "noted_for": "susceptible to landslides during seismic shaking; also identified as area where historic and cultural landmarks are highly susceptible to landslide occurrences", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Santa Susana Mountains and the mountains north of the Santa Clara River valley are susceptible to landslides during seismic shaking.", "page": 307}, {"text": "Landslide impacts on historic and cultural resources within the City are highest in areas near hillsides that are characterized by unstable soil and erosion, such as the Santa Susana Mountains and the mountains north of the Santa Clara River valley.", "page": 318}]}, {"name": "San Gabriel Mountains", "noted_for": "rock falls have been fewer and more widely scattered compared to Santa Susana Mountains", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "In the San Gabriel Mountains, rock falls have been fewer and more widely scattered.", "page": 307}]}, {"name": "Studio City", "noted_for": "impacted by slope erosion and road closures during February 5, 2024 severe storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "February 5, 2024, was the 10th wettest day in the history of Los Angeles. This event caused slope erosion and several road closures, including Sepulveda Basin and Mulholland Drive. Several homes in canyon neighborhoods were impacted by debris flow and mudslides.", "page": 303}]}, {"name": "Beverly Crest", "noted_for": "impacted by slope erosion and road closures during February 5, 2024 severe storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "February 5, 2024, was the 10th wettest day in the history of Los Angeles. This event caused slope erosion and several road closures, including Sepulveda Basin and Mulholland Drive. Several homes in canyon neighborhoods were impacted by debris flow and mudslides.", "page": 303}]}, {"name": "Baldwin Hills", "noted_for": "impacted by slope erosion and road closures during February 5, 2024 severe storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "February 5, 2024, was the 10th wettest day in the history of Los Angeles. This event caused slope erosion and several road closures, including Sepulveda Basin and Mulholland Drive. Several homes in canyon neighborhoods were impacted by debris flow and mudslides.", "page": 303}]}, {"name": "Mulholland Drive / Mulholland Boulevard", "noted_for": "road closure due to slope erosion during January 6, 2023 atmospheric river event; erosion carried over 100 tons of debris down the slope", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Slope erosion undermined Mulholland Boulevard between Bowmont Avenue and Summit Circle, resulting in a road closure. The erosion carried over 100 tons of debris down the slope, impacting roads below the erosion.", "page": 303}]}, {"name": "Coldwater Canyon", "noted_for": "affected by January 6, 2023 atmospheric river slope erosion event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Slope erosion undermined Mulholland Boulevard between Bowmont Avenue and Summit Circle, resulting in a road closure. The erosion carried over 100 tons of debris down the slope, impacting roads below the erosion. The Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety surveyed 104 affected buildings, of which 14 were yellow tagged, and 6 were red tagged.", "page": 303}]}, {"name": "Hollywood Hills", "noted_for": "hillside collapsed during January 2017 severe winter storms, affecting five homes and leaving hundreds without power; also affected by January 6, 2023 atmospheric river event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "A hillside collapsed, affecting five homes. Hundreds of residents were without power immediately after the collapse.", "page": 304}]}, {"name": "Seminole Hot Springs", "noted_for": "significant mud and debris flow across Pacific Coast Highway following heavy rain over Woolsey Fire burn scar in December 2018", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Heavy rain over the Woolsey Fire burn scar resulted in a significant mud and debris flow across the Pacific Coast Highway. The highway was closed around Leo Carrillo Beach due to a mud and debris flow.", "page": 304}]}, {"name": "Topanga Beach / Topanga Canyon Boulevard", "noted_for": "significant mud and debris flow closed Pacific Coast Highway in January 2018; over 3 feet of mud reported across roadway", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Due to heavy rain, a significant mud and debris flow closed the Pacific Coast Highway around the intersection of Topanga Canyon Boulevard. Over 3 feet of mud was reported across the roadway.", "page": 304}]}, {"name": "State Route 58 east of Bakersfield (Antelope Valley area)", "noted_for": "river of mud covered a section of highway and cars after high rains in October 2015", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "In northern Los Angeles County's Antelope Valley, a river of mud covered a section of the highway and cars after high rains.", "page": 304}]}, {"name": "Pacific Coast Highway near Santa Monica", "noted_for": "landslide closed northbound Pacific Coast Highway for a day in March 2013", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "A landslide closed northbound Pacific Coast Highway for a day.", "page": 304}]}, {"name": "San Pedro", "noted_for": "major landslide along seaside cliff triggered by heavy rainstorm in November 2011, taking out 600 feet of scenic road and carving a chasm into the 12-foot-high coastal bluff", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "A major landslide along a seaside cliff in San Pedro was triggered by a heavy rainstorm The landslide took out 600 feet of the scenic road and carved a chasm into the 12-foot-high coastal bluff.", "page": 304}]}, {"name": "Ocean View Boulevard / La Canada Flintridge burn area", "noted_for": "mudslide triggered by slow-moving rainstorm in January–February 2010 along Ocean View Boulevard in the La Canada Flintridge burn area", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "A slow-moving rainstorm triggered a mudslide along Ocean View Boulevard in the La Canada Flintridge burn area, flooded freeways, and caused traffic problems and mudslides throughout the region.", "page": 305}]}, {"name": "La Conchita", "noted_for": "major landslide in December 2004–January 2005 killed 10 people and destroyed or damaged dozens of homes; also site of 1995 landslide that severely damaged or destroyed 12 homes", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Major landslide killed 10 people and destroyed or damaged dozens of homes. The city of Los Angeles received between 10-20 inches of rain.", "page": 305}, {"text": "A year of above-average rainfall caused landslides in Los Angeles and Ventura counties, including the La Conchita landslide, in which 12 homes were severely damaged or destroyed.", "page": 305}]}, {"name": "Pacific Palisades", "noted_for": "3 homes destroyed and 4 more damaged due to landslides during January–March 1993 severe winter storms", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "In the Pacific Palisades 3 homes were destroyed and 4 more damaged due to landslides. In the Mt. Washington area, 2 structures were threatened by landslides.", "page": 306}]}, {"name": "Mt. Washington", "noted_for": "2 structures threatened by landslides during January–March 1993 severe winter storms", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "In the Mt. Washington area, 2 structures were threatened by landslides.", "page": 306}]}, {"name": "Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu", "noted_for": "rock slides from soggy ground blocked the highway during February 1992 rain/snow/wind storms", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Rock slides from soggy ground blocked the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu.", "page": 306}]}, {"name": "Monterey Park", "noted_for": "damage from severe storms, mudslides and flooding in January 1980", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Damage in Monterey Park, in Los Angeles County.", "page": 306}]}, {"name": "Mountain and coastal roads and transportation infrastructure", "noted_for": "identified as highly susceptible areas for infrastructure vulnerability to mass movements", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Highly susceptible areas of the planning area include mountain and coastal roads and transportation infrastructure.", "page": 320}]}, {"name": "Sepulveda Basin", "noted_for": "road closure during February 5, 2024 severe storm event", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "This event caused slope erosion and several road closures, including Sepulveda Basin and Mulholland Drive.", "page": 303}]}] source source | true | Landslide velocity can range from inches per year to many feet per second; slope failures in the United States result in about 25 to 50 deaths per year and damages costin... | 50 percent annual probability, based on the planning area experiencing earthquakes, wildland fires, and severe storms at least once every other year since 1960 | increase|medium | source |
Sea-Level Rise, Coastal Flood and Erosion16Location[{"name": "Pacific Palisades", "noted_for": "high-relief shoreline hosting a critical coastal transportation and utility corridor including Pacific Coast Highway", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Pacific Palisades-The high-relief shoreline hosts a critical coastal transportation and utility corridor, including the Pacific Coast Highway.", "page": 328}]}, {"name": "Venice-Marina Peninsula-Playa Del Rey-LAX", "noted_for": "low-relief beach area that is an important recreational, cultural, and storm-wave protection resource, highly developed over the last century", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Venice-Marina Peninsula-Playa Del Rey-LAX-The beach area from Venice to the foot of LAX is low-relief and an important recreational, cultural, and storm-wave protection resource that has been highly developed over the last century.", "page": 328}]}, {"name": "San Pedro (exposed coast)", "noted_for": "high-relief ocean-front exposed shore with unprotected potentially unstable sea cliffs and highly developed urban areas", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "San Pedro (exposed coast)-The ocean-front exposed shore of San Pedro is high-relief with unprotected sea cliffs that are potentially unstable. The shoreline contains highly developed urban areas.", "page": 328}]}, {"name": "San Pedro (sheltered)-Wilmington-Terminal Island-Los Angeles Harbor (Port of Los Angeles)", "noted_for": "sheltered harbor-side forming the Port of Los Angeles, one of the largest ports in the world and a key economic driver, protected by the Los Angeles-Long Beach outer breakwater", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "San Pedro (sheltered)-Wilmington-Terminal Island-Los Angeles Harbor-The sheltered harbor-side of San Pedro with Wilmington and Terminal Island form the Port of Los Angeles. It is one of the largest and most important ports in the world and serves critical local, regional, and national ocean shipping needs.", "page": 329}]}, {"name": "Harbor APC", "noted_for": "one of two APCs exposed to sea-level rise hazard, assessed under both 25-cm and 200-cm with 100-year storm scenarios", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 16-4 through Figure 16-7 show the inundation areas for the 25- and 200-centimeter sea-level rise with storm scenarios for the Harbor and West Los Angeles APCs (the other City APCs are not exposed to the sea-level rise hazard).", "page": 329}]}, {"name": "West Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "one of two APCs exposed to sea-level rise hazard, assessed under both 25-cm and 200-cm with 100-year storm scenarios", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 16-4 through Figure 16-7 show the inundation areas for the 25- and 200-centimeter sea-level rise with storm scenarios for the Harbor and West Los Angeles APCs (the other City APCs are not exposed to the sea-level rise hazard).", "page": 329}]}, {"name": "Ballona Wetlands Ecological Reserve", "noted_for": "600-acre ecological reserve at the estuary of Ballona Creek between Marina del Rey and Playa Del Rey, at particular risk from sea-level rise altering hydrology and tidal influence", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Ballona Wetlands Ecological Reserve is a 600-acre ecological reserve mostly owned by the State of California, with a portion of the site in unincorporated Los Angeles County and the rest in the City of Los Angeles.", "page": 339}, {"text": "The Ballona Wetlands, which support a range of habitats and functions, including estuarine-dependent plants and animals, are at particular risk", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "Del Rey Lagoon", "noted_for": "remnant area of the Ballona wetland complex vulnerable to sea-level rise", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Remnant areas of the wetland complex also include Del Rey Lagoon, Ballona Lagoon, Marina del Rey, Oxford Basin, and the Venice Canals.", "page": 339}]}, {"name": "Ballona Lagoon", "noted_for": "remnant area of the Ballona wetland complex vulnerable to sea-level rise", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Remnant areas of the wetland complex also include Del Rey Lagoon, Ballona Lagoon, Marina del Rey, Oxford Basin, and the Venice Canals.", "page": 339}]}, {"name": "Marina del Rey", "noted_for": "remnant area of the Ballona wetland complex vulnerable to sea-level rise", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Remnant areas of the wetland complex also include Del Rey Lagoon, Ballona Lagoon, Marina del Rey, Oxford Basin, and the Venice Canals.", "page": 339}]}, {"name": "Oxford Basin", "noted_for": "remnant area of the Ballona wetland complex vulnerable to sea-level rise", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Remnant areas of the wetland complex also include Del Rey Lagoon, Ballona Lagoon, Marina del Rey, Oxford Basin, and the Venice Canals.", "page": 339}]}, {"name": "Venice Canals", "noted_for": "remnant area of the Ballona wetland complex vulnerable to sea-level rise", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Remnant areas of the wetland complex also include Del Rey Lagoon, Ballona Lagoon, Marina del Rey, Oxford Basin, and the Venice Canals.", "page": 339}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles Maritime Museum", "noted_for": "listed on the National Register of Historic Places, within the boundaries of projected sea-level rise impacts", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Facilities such as the Los Angeles Maritime Museum, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, are within the boundaries of projected sea-level rise impacts.", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "Del Rey Lagoon Park", "noted_for": "neighborhood park located in the sea-level rise exposure zone", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Neighborhood parks located in the sea-level rise exposure zone include Del Rey Lagoon Park, Canal Park, Titmouse Park, and Venice Beach Boardwalk.", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "Canal Park", "noted_for": "neighborhood park located in the sea-level rise exposure zone", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Neighborhood parks located in the sea-level rise exposure zone include Del Rey Lagoon Park, Canal Park, Titmouse Park, and Venice Beach Boardwalk.", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "Titmouse Park", "noted_for": "neighborhood park located in the sea-level rise exposure zone", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Neighborhood parks located in the sea-level rise exposure zone include Del Rey Lagoon Park, Canal Park, Titmouse Park, and Venice Beach Boardwalk.", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "Venice Beach Boardwalk", "noted_for": "iconic destination in the sea-level rise exposure zone whose impairment could have significant economic consequences", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Some facilities, like the Venice Beach Boardwalk, are iconic destinations and their impairment could have significant economic consequences.", "page": 340}, {"text": "Neighborhood parks located in the sea-level rise exposure zone include Del Rey Lagoon Park, Canal Park, Titmouse Park, and Venice Beach Boardwalk.", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "Venice Beach Recreation Center", "noted_for": "recreation center located in the sea-level rise exposure zone", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Recreation Centers located in the exposure zone include the Venice Beach Recreation Center and San Juan Garage.", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "San Juan Garage", "noted_for": "recreation center located in the sea-level rise exposure zone", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Recreation Centers located in the exposure zone include the Venice Beach Recreation Center and San Juan Garage.", "page": 343}]}, {"name": "Venice (building stock)", "noted_for": "building stock most vulnerable to flooding and inundation due to location very near sea level and many older structures", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The building stock is most vulnerable to flooding and inundation in Venice, where it is located very near sea level and there are many older structures.", "page": 342}]}, {"name": "Pacific Coast Highway", "noted_for": "critical coastal transportation corridor in the Pacific Palisades reach vulnerable to sea-level rise", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Pacific Palisades-The high-relief shoreline hosts a critical coastal transportation and utility corridor, including the Pacific Coast Highway.", "page": 328}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles and Orange Counties coastal plains", "noted_for": "heavily urbanized coastal plains where saline intrusion into groundwater resources is already a problem and sea-level rise could worsen", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "In California, saline intrusion into groundwater resources is a problem in multiple areas, including the heavily urbanized coastal plains of Los Angeles and Orange Counties.", "page": 325}]}] source source | false | Minor (low threat of property damage, no direct threat to life), Moderate (elevated threat of property damage, some risk to life), and Major (significant threat to life a... | 1 percent-annual-chance (100-year) flood event used as planning scenario; 17 percent chance of exceedance for low risk aversion scenario; 0. | increase|high | source |
Tsunami and Seiche17Location[{"name": "San Pedro and Los Angeles Harbor areas", "noted_for": "Most notably identified as areas that could be inundated depending on tsunami magnitude", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Depending upon the magnitude of the tsunami, coastal areas of the City could be inundated, most notably in the San Pedro and Los Angeles Harbor areas, and in neighboring Santa Monica.", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "Santa Monica", "noted_for": "Identified as a neighboring area that could be inundated by tsunami", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Depending upon the magnitude of the tsunami, coastal areas of the City could be inundated, most notably in the San Pedro and Los Angeles Harbor areas, and in neighboring Santa Monica.", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "Harbor APC", "noted_for": "One of two APCs with mapped tsunami hazard areas; other APCs not exposed", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 17-3 and Figure 17-4 show tsunami hazard areas in the Harbor and West Los Angeles APCs, based on data provided by the California Department of Conservation (other APCs in the planning area are not exposed to the tsunami hazard).", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "West Los Angeles APC", "noted_for": "One of two APCs with mapped tsunami hazard areas; other APCs not exposed", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Figure 17-3 and Figure 17-4 show tsunami hazard areas in the Harbor and West Los Angeles APCs, based on data provided by the California Department of Conservation (other APCs in the planning area are not exposed to the tsunami hazard).", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "Port of Los Angeles", "noted_for": "Identified as a large semi- or fully enclosed body of water where seiches can occur", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Seiches can occur in any large semi- or fully enclosed body of water, such as the Port of Los Angeles.", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "Marina del Rey", "noted_for": "Experienced minor damage from the 2011 Japan tsunami", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The tsunami reached Los Angeles County, where waves capsized vessels berthed near the Santa Catalina Island and caused minor damage in Marina del Rey, Redondo Beach and Santa Monica.", "page": 348}]}, {"name": "Redondo Beach", "noted_for": "Experienced minor damage from the 2011 Japan tsunami; also site of one fatality in 1930 earthquake-generated wave", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The tsunami reached Los Angeles County, where waves capsized vessels berthed near the Santa Catalina Island and caused minor damage in Marina del Rey, Redondo Beach and Santa Monica.", "page": 348}, {"text": "A magnitude 5.2 earthquake in Santa Monica Bay generated a wave that affected 16 miles of California coastline, from Santa Monica to Redondo Beach. Sixteen people were rescued, and one fatality occurred at Redondo Beach.", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "Santa Catalina Island", "noted_for": "Vessels capsized near the island during the 2011 Japan tsunami; also reached by 1975 Hawaii tsunami", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The tsunami reached Los Angeles County, where waves capsized vessels berthed near the Santa Catalina Island and caused minor damage in Marina del Rey, Redondo Beach and Santa Monica.", "page": 348}, {"text": "November 29, 1975-A magnitude 7.2 earthquake in Hawaii caused a tsunami that reached Santa Catalina Island.", "page": 348}]}, {"name": "San Pedro area", "noted_for": "Experienced strong currents and dangerous waves from 2009 American Samoa tsunami", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Following a magnitude 8.0 to 8.3 earthquake 120 miles from America Samoa, a tsunami brought strong currents and dangerous waves to the San Pedro area and the Santa Monica Bay area.", "page": 348}]}, {"name": "Santa Monica Bay area", "noted_for": "Experienced strong currents and dangerous waves from 2009 American Samoa tsunami", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Following a magnitude 8.0 to 8.3 earthquake 120 miles from America Samoa, a tsunami brought strong currents and dangerous waves to the San Pedro area and the Santa Monica Bay area.", "page": 348}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors", "noted_for": "Experienced extensive damage from the 1964 Alaska earthquake tsunami; also $1 million in damage from 1960 Chile tsunami", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "There was also extensive damage in San Francisco Bay, marinas in Marin County and the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors.", "page": 348}, {"text": "A magnitude 8.5 earthquake in Chile caused a tsunami that resulted in $1 million in damage to boats, docks, and other facilities in Los Angeles, Long Beach, and San Diego.", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "Wilmington", "noted_for": "Hit by a 6-foot wave in the 1878 tsunami", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "A tsunami hit Southern California, causing a 6-foot wave to hit Wilmington (a southern suburb of Los Angeles).", "page": 349}]}, {"name": "Interstate 110", "noted_for": "Identified as a major road facility that may be impacted by tsunami events", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The risk assessment identified the following major road facilities that may be impacted by tsunami events: Interstate 110", "page": 357}]}, {"name": "State Highway 1", "noted_for": "Identified as a major road facility that may be impacted by tsunami events", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The risk assessment identified the following major road facilities that may be impacted by tsunami events: Interstate 110, State Highway 1, State Highway 47, State Highway 103, Venice Boulevard, Pacific Avenue", "page": 357}]}, {"name": "State Highway 47", "noted_for": "Identified as a major road facility that may be impacted by tsunami events", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The risk assessment identified the following major road facilities that may be impacted by tsunami events: Interstate 110, State Highway 1, State Highway 47, State Highway 103, Venice Boulevard, Pacific Avenue", "page": 357}]}, {"name": "State Highway 103", "noted_for": "Identified as a major road facility that may be impacted by tsunami events", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The risk assessment identified the following major road facilities that may be impacted by tsunami events: Interstate 110, State Highway 1, State Highway 47, State Highway 103, Venice Boulevard, Pacific Avenue", "page": 357}]}, {"name": "Venice Boulevard", "noted_for": "Identified as a major road facility that may be impacted by tsunami events", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The risk assessment identified the following major road facilities that may be impacted by tsunami events: Interstate 110, State Highway 1, State Highway 47, State Highway 103, Venice Boulevard, Pacific Avenue", "page": 357}]}, {"name": "Pacific Avenue", "noted_for": "Identified as a major road facility that may be impacted by tsunami events", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The risk assessment identified the following major road facilities that may be impacted by tsunami events: Interstate 110, State Highway 1, State Highway 47, State Highway 103, Venice Boulevard, Pacific Avenue", "page": 357}]}] source source | false | In the open ocean, waves generally less than 3 feet high, traveling up to 600 mph; bore phenomenon advances at 10 to 60 mph; historical wave heights of 9 to 13 feet for w... | Generally, two destructive tsunamis occur every year in the Pacific Basin. | increase|low | source |
Wildfire18Location[{"name": "Chatsworth area", "noted_for": "Site of the 2005 Topanga Fire, which burned 24,175 acres and caused ~$15.8 million in damage", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "September 28 - October 6, 2005, Topanga Fire-Burned 24,175 acres in the Chatsworth area. Numerous residential and commercial properties were damaged and destroyed. Costs were reported around $15.8 million.", "page": 365}]}, {"name": "Porter Ranch Community, Twin Lakes and Indian Hills", "noted_for": "Site of the 2008 Sesnon Fire, which burned 14,700 acres and destroyed 15 residences and 63 outbuildings", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "October 13, 2008, Sesnon Fire-Burned 14,700 acres in the Porter Ranch Community, Twin Lakes and Indian Hills areas of Los Angeles County. The fire destroyed 15 residences and 63 outbuildings; 11 residences were damaged.", "page": 365}]}, {"name": "Angeles National Forest", "noted_for": "Site of the 2009 Station Fire (largest in recorded history of the forest), the 2020 Lake Fire, and the 2017 Creek Fire; federal land where many wildfires occur and spread", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The Station Fire was the largest fire in the recorded history of Angeles National Forest, the 12th largest in California and the largest in Los Angeles County.", "page": 365}, {"text": "August 12, 2020, Lake Fire-Burned 31,089 acres in the Angeles National Forest.", "page": 366}, {"text": "December 5, 2017, Creek Fire-Burned 15,619 acres in the Sierra National Forest.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Mount Wilson Observatory and communication towers", "noted_for": "Threatened by the 2009 Station Fire; towers carry transmitters for every major television station in Los Angeles", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "It threatened Mount Wilson Observatory and communication towers with transmitters for every major television station in Los Angeles.", "page": 365}]}, {"name": "Sunland and Tujunga neighborhoods", "noted_for": "Threatened by the 2009 Station Fire", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The fire threatened the Sunland and Tujunga neighborhoods of the City of Los Angeles.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Morris Reservoir area (north of Glendora)", "noted_for": "Site of the 2014 Colby Fire, which burned 1,915 acres and destroyed 5 homes", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "January 16 - 27, 2014, Colby Fire-Burned 1,915 acres, damaged seven homes, destroyed 5 homes near Morris Reservoir, north of Glendora.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Interstate 5 (southbound, north of Calgrove)", "noted_for": "Site of the 2015 Calgrove Fire, which burned 415 acres", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "June 24, 2015, Calgrove Fire-Burned 415 acres along southbound Interstate 5, north of Calgrove.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "San Gabriel Complex area", "noted_for": "Site of the 2016 San Gabriel Complex fire, which burned 5,399 acres", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "June 20 - November 8, 2016, San Gabriel Complex-Burned 5,399 acres in San Gabriel Complex.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Calgrove Boulevard area (southwest of Santa Clarita)", "noted_for": "Site of the 2016 Sage Fire, which burned 1,109 acres", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "July 9 - 16, 2016, Sage Fire-Burned 1,109 acres off Calgrove Boulevard, southwest of Santa Clarita.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Verdugo Mountains", "noted_for": "Site of the 2017 La Tuna Fire, which burned 7,194 acres", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "September 1, 2017, La Tuna Fire-Burned 7,194 acres in the Verdugo Mountains.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Skirball Fire area", "noted_for": "Site of the 2017 Skirball Fire, which burned 422 acres and destroyed six single-family homes and 12 other buildings", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "December 6, 2017, Skirball Fire-Burned 422 acres, destroyed six single-family homes and 12 other buildings.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Los Angeles and Ventura Counties", "noted_for": "Site of the 2018 Woolsey Fire, which burned 96,949 acres and killed three people", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "November 8, 2018, Woolsey Fire-Burned 96,949 acres in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, killing three people.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "San Fernando Valley", "noted_for": "Site of the 2019 Saddle Ridge Fire, which burned 8,799 acres", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "November 5, 2019, Saddle Ridge Fire-Burned 8,799 acres near the San Fernando Valley.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Topanga State Park and Palisades neighborhood", "noted_for": "Site of the 2021 Palisades Fire, which burned 1,202 acres", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "June 1, 2021, Palisades Fire-Burned 1,202 acres in Topanga State Park and Palisades neighborhood.", "page": 366}]}, {"name": "Wildland/urban interface areas", "noted_for": "Areas where development is adjacent to densely vegetated areas; highest risk for wildfire damage to life and property, and highest impacts on historic/cultural resources", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "The potential for significant damage to life and property exists in areas designated as 'wildland/urban interface areas,' where development is adjacent to densely vegetated areas.", "page": 363}, {"text": "Wildfire impacts on the historic and cultural resources within the City are highest near wildland/urban interface areas due to the susceptibility of wildfire hazard occurrences.", "page": 378}]}, {"name": "Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (planning area)", "noted_for": "Contains 616,465 residents (15.9% of planning area), 112,255 buildings valued at $76.68B, and 580 community lifeline facilities (8.8% of planning area total)", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Population in the Hazard Area 616,465 % of Total Planning Area Population 15.9%", "page": 376}, {"text": "Number of Buildings in the Hazard Area 112,255 Total Property Value in the Hazard Area $76,675,732,846", "page": 376}, {"text": "The 580 total facilities in this zone represent 8.8 percent of the planning area total.", "page": 376}]}, {"name": "Power lines", "noted_for": "Most at risk from wildfire among community lifelines because most poles are made of wood and susceptible to burning", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Power lines are the most at risk from wildfire because most poles are made of wood and susceptible to burning.", "page": 379}]}, {"name": "Bridges in high to moderate fire risk areas", "noted_for": "Critical infrastructure providing the only ingress and egress to large areas and isolated neighborhoods; can be obstructed by wildfire conditions", "supporting_quotes": [{"text": "Many bridges in areas of high to moderate fire risk are important because they provide the only ingress and egress to large areas and in some cases to isolated neighborhoods.", "page": 379}]}] source source | false | Potential losses include human life, structures and other improvements, and natural resources. | Average of 111 SRA wildfires per year in Los Angeles County (2008–2022); it is reasonable to assume Los Angeles will experience multiple wildfires in a typical year. | unclear|low | source |